Giant breed dogs: 5+ years of age
Large breed dogs: 7+ years of age
Small breed dogs: 10+ years of age
Vaccine
Booster Recommendation
Comments
CORE VACCINES
After 1-yr and then every 3-yr
Included in DAPPV/3-yr DAPV
ADDITIONAL VACCINES
Annually
Because all dogs are at risk due to predation or exposure to environmental contamination, vaccine is recommended for all
*Repeat once 3-4 weeks after initial vaccine if not appropriately boosted as puppy
Service Provided
Product / Service Info
Medical Services
Physical Examination
Nail Trim
Maintenance
Anal Gland Expression
Maintenance
Immunization
Rabies 3-years vaccine
NOBIVAC 3-RABIES (Merck)
VANGUARD RABIES 3 YEAR (Zoetis)
IMRAB 3 TF (BI)
RAB VAC 3 (Elanco)
DAPV 3-years vaccine
NOBIVAC CANINE 3-DAPV (Merck)
Bordetella/Parainfluenza combo vaccine
NOBIVAC Intra-Trac Oral BbPi (Merck)
Leptospirosis vaccine
LEPTOVAX 4 (Elanco)
RECOMBITEK 4 LEPTO (BI)
NOBIVAC LEPTO4 (Merck)
VANGUARD L4 LEPTO (Zoetis)
Bivalent Influenza Vaccine
VANGUARD CIV H3N2 H3N8 (Zoetis)
Lyme Vaccine
NOBIVAC LYME (Merck)
DURAMUNE LYME VACCINE (Elanco)
RECOMBITEK LYME (BI)
Diagnostics
Senior Profile with Fecal Dx® Profile, Lab
4Dx® Plus Test and Reflex UPC (44159999)
Chem 27 with IDEXX SDMA® Test, IDEXX CBC®, fecal ova and parasites, hookworm, roundworm and whipworm antigen immunoassays, Lab 4Dx® Plus Test, total T4, urinalysis with reflex urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) if indicated
AFAST/TFAST Wellness Ultrasound scan
*Ultrasound-guided cystocentesis also
performed during routine AFAST for routine urinalysis included in IDEXX profile
Tonometry/Comprehensive Ophthalmic Evaluation
Routine screening
Preventatives
Interceptor plus
1 dose administered/provided
Simparica Trio Chewable Tablets
6 month supply provided
Dental Chews
CET Chews
Dasuquin
Joint Supplements
● Rabies and DAPV 3-years vaccines ensure long term protection from 4 pathogens
represented in core vaccines.
● Merck’s NOBIVAC CANINE 3-DAPV vaccine prevents infections caused by CAV-1 and infections associated with CAV-2 (see explanation below), as well as Distemper and Parvovirus [1].
● The only gap in protective immunity remaining by switching from DA2PP every three
years can create a lapse in immunity to parainfluenza virus, which requires annual
boostering for an optimal immune response. This can be overcome by vaccinating at-risk dogs annually with a combination mucosal Bordetella and parainfluenza vaccine, either oral or intranasal.
● Merck’s NOBIVAC Intra-Trac Oral BbPi combo vaccine:
○ Provides protective immunity and systemic immunity to both parainfluenza and
Bordetella, 2 common respiratory pathogens.
○ Immuno-Mist-RTM oral spray applicator exposes immune cells to antigen.
● Canine adenoviruses [2]
○ CAV-1 and CAV-2 cause infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) and canine infectious
respiratory tract disease (CIRDC), respectively.
○ Because vaccination with CAV-1 strains has been associated with corneal edema,
and vaccination with CAV-2 provides cross-protection against CAV-1 infection,
CAV-2 is used in DAP vaccines to prevent ICH. It may also provide some
protection against CAV-2 infection.
● Bordetella vaccines:
○ Intranasal vaccines are available to reduce disease caused by Bordetella,
parainfluenza and canine adenovirus-2. Oral vaccines are available to reduce
disease caused by Bordetella or Bordetella/parainfluenza.
○ Mucosal vaccines provide more rapid onset of action when compared with
parenteral vaccines and may provide an improved mucosal immune response.
○ We do not recommend using the monovalent oral Bordetella vaccine. This
includes-
Other available vaccines:
Vaccine
Product Info
Rabies 1-year vaccine
IMRAB 1 (BI)
RABVAC 1 RABIES VACCINE (Elanco)
NOBIVAC RABIES 1 (Merck)
VANGUARD RABIES 1 (Zoetis)
DA2PP + Leptospirosis vaccine combo
ULTRA DURAMUNE DAP PLUS 4L (Elanco; SQ)
VANGUARD DAPP/L4 (Zoetis; SQ)
NOBIVAC CANINE 1-DAPPV PLUS L4 (Merck; SQ)
Leptospirosis vaccine
LEPTOVAX 4 (Elanco)
RECOMBITEK 4 LEPTO (BI)
NOBIVAC LEPTO4 (Merck)
VANGUARD L4 LEPTO (Zoetis)
Bordetella vaccine
Tier 1: Intranasal
Tier 2: Oral
Tier 3: Injectable
VANGUARD® RAPID RESP 3 (Zoetis)
NOBIVAC INTRA-TRAC3 (Merck)
BRONCHI-SHIELD III (Elanco)
Recombitek KC2 Vaccine (BI)
VANGUARD® B INJECTABLE (Zoetis)
VANGUARD® B INJECTABLE (Zoetis)
There are four main categories of wellness testing for senior dogs: complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry profile, urinalysis and thyroid hormone testing. Comprehensive testing is recommended for senior dogs due to the higher risk of underlying disease. Senior Profile with Fecal Dx® Profile, Lab 4Dx® Plus Test and Reflex UPC (44159999) (ID 133008; $249.99) covers the necessary elements for early detection and prevention of common diseases and, therefore, the recommended test by The Vets Internal Medicine expert, Dr. Andrea Johnston.
Test Name
Info
Price
TIER 1
Senior Profile with Fecal Dx® Profile, Lab 4Dx® Plus Test and Reflex UPC (44159999)
Chem 27 with IDEXX SDMA® Test, IDEXX CBC®, fecal ova and parasites, hookworm, roundworm and whipworm antigen immunoassays, Lab 4Dx® Plus Test, total T4, urinalysis with reflex urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) if indicated
$249.99
TIER 2
IDEXX Total Health™ Plus Profile with Heartworm (539999)
Chem 27 with IDEXX SDMA® Test, IDEXX CBC®, canine heartworm antigen by ELISA, total T4
$268.78
IDEXX Urinalysis Add-on (9101)
$55.18
Fecal Dx® Antigen Panel Add-on—Canine/Feline (51991)
$34.21
Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) Data
https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control
The AVMA and AAHA discourage the feeding of raw animal-source protein to dogs due to the high risk of illness to both pets and humans. Pathogens found in raw protein diets can be transmitted to the human population by contact with the food, pet, or environmental surfaces.
Neutering is associated with a prolonged life expectancy for both sexes compared to their entire counterparts. This has been reported in multiple studies. In female dogs, neutering reduces or eliminates the risk of pyometra, a potentially life-threatening condition. Neutering is linked to a reduced risk of cancer of reproductive organs and heart disease, but an increased risk of joint disorders and some cancers (lymphoma and hemangiosarcoma) especially in females [1,2].
Health risks by breed can be found at https://www.akc.org/ under the Health link on each breed information page. A handful of large scale publications on breed related mortality are available.
Brachycephalic breeds (French Bulldog, English Bulldog, Pug, and American Bulldog) are predispositions to life-limiting disorders that occur early in life, such as brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BUAS), spinal disease, and dystocia.
Brachycephalic breeds should avoid high temperatures, overexertion, and over-conditioning (obesity). Harnesses rather than collars should be used for leash walks. Preemptive surgical intervention to improve upper airway conformation should be recommended before a respiratory crisis occurs.
Deep chested, large breed dogs (Great Danes, Weimaraners, St. Bernards, Irish setters, Gordon setters...) are predisposed to gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV). Pre-emptive gastropexy should be recommended to reduce the risk of GDV. Feed more than one meal a day and select a dog food with a low fat and oil content.
Chondrodystrophic breeds (Dachshund, Pekinese, Beagle, Lhasa Apso) are predisposed to intervertebral disk disease (IVDD). Avoid over-feeding and obesity. Use a harness rather than a collar for leash walks. Avoid high impact activities like jumping on and off furniture, consider the use of portable pet stairs.
● Osteoarthritis affects nearly a quarter of all dogs and is the most common form of arthritis. Orthopedic injuries such as cruciate ligament tear and abnormalities like patellar luxation may contribute to the development of OA, but genetics and age are also major contributing factors. Patients with OA may experience limited mobility, difficulty rising from a sitting or laying position, and generalized or localized joint pain. Options for the prevention and treatment of OA include: Avoiding obesity and unnecessary strain on joints, NSAID therapy, cold laser therapy, acupuncture and joint supplement use. A combination of modalities may be required for ideal results. In the event that long-term NSAID therapy is indicated, baseline and follow-up blood work is advisable.
Vaccination is an efficient and cost-effective form of infectious disease prevention. Most current vaccines are delivered by injection, which provide systemic protection but partial to no protection at mucosal sites. Considering that >90% of pathogens gain access to the body via mucosal sites, using mucosal vaccination to generate protective immunity at mucosal sites could overcome the limitations of current injection-based vaccines in providing front-line protection against pathogen invasion and dissemination (Holmgren J., Czerkinsky C., 2005; Gerdts V. et al., 2006).
Mucosal tissues (e.g. nasal, oral, ocular, rectal, vaginal) cover a large surface of the body. Since many infections are initiated at mucosal sites, it is critical to develop strategies for neutralizing the infectious agent at these surfaces. Mucosal vaccination involves the administration of vaccines at one or more mucosal sites leading to induction of immune responses at the mucosal site of administration, other mucosal sites, and/or systemically.
Immunization involves the delivery of antigens to the mucosal immune system (into
units such as Peyer’s patches in the intestine or the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue in the oropharyngeal cavity). The effector mechanisms for mucosal immune response include the hallmark secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA), a protease-resistant antibody and the cell-mediated mucosal immune response. These effectors have been shown to be effective for the clearance of various pathogens including enteric/respiratory viruses and intracellular parasites.
IgA is the first line of defense in the resistance against infection, via inhibiting bacterial
and viral adhesion to epithelial cells and by neutralization of bacterial toxins and virus, both extra- and intracellularly. IgA also eliminates pathogens or antigens via an IgA-mediated excretory pathway where binding to IgA is followed by polyimmunoglobulin receptor-mediated transport of immune complexes. SIgA has an important role in mediating the adaptive (antigen specific) humoral (antibody-based) immune defense at mucosal surfaces.
The majority of mucosal vaccines are administered by the oral and nasal routes.
However, not all routes of administration induce an equivalent immune response in terms of potency and longevity, reflecting differences in the organization and cellular make-up of lymphoid structures in different mucosal tissues (Kantele A., et al., 1998; Czerkinsky C., et al., 2012; Czerkinsky C., Holmgren J., 2010).
For example, oral immunization usually stimulates immune responses in the GI tract in
addition to the oral mucosa and nasal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT) and mammary glands. Intranasal delivery effectively induces antibody production in salivary glands, the NALT and the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of the lower respiratory tract, and in the urogenital tract. Rectal immunization elicits a more pronounced immune and antibody response in nasal secretions, tears and the rectal mucosa. Thus, depending on the mucosal sites targeted by different pathogens, the route of immunization needs to be carefully considered (Fujkuyama Y., et al., 2012; Czerkinsky C., Holmgren J., 2010; Saroja C., et al., 2011).
A. Miquel-Clopés et al., Mucosal Vaccines and Technology, Clinical & Experimental Immunology
2019
N.Hainer et al., Oral vaccination of dogs with a monovalent live-avirulent vaccine confers 1 year
of immunity against Bordetella bronchiseptica challenge, The Veterinary Journal 2021
Mucosal Veterinary Vaccines: Comparative Vaccinology
USDA Approved Animal Rabies Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114856/
https://wsava.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/WSAVA-Vaccination-Guidelines-2015.pdf
https://www.aaha.org/globalassets/02-guidelines/canine-vaccination/vaccination_recommend
ation_for_general_practice_table.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsap.2_12431
https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/zoonotic/rabies/documents/2017-
Maine-Rabies-Management-Guidelines-4th-edition.pdf
https://www.aaha.org/aaha-guidelines/vaccination-canine-configuration/vaccination-recomme
ndations-for-general-practice/
https://pets.webmd.com/pet-vaccines-schedules-cats-dogs
https://www.acvs.org/small-animal/osteoarthritis-in-dogs
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